Thus, when arranged for treatment of automatically maintained challenging behavior, DRA/I/O establish two competing reinforcement schedules in an attempt to shift responding away from challenging behavior. However, in these implementations it should be noted that the extinction component is not possible, given that the challenging behavior directly produces access to the maintaining reinforcer. Some limited demonstrations of effectiveness exist for DRA/I/O related to behavior with a non-social (i.e., automatic) function (see, Berg et al., 2016 for an example). DRA/I/O have been demonstrated to be effective for challenging behavior with social functions.
Implementation requires observation and monitoring of at least two behaviors, and its implementation requires high procedural fidelity to maximize efficacy. Both procedures effectively reduced thumbsucking in both a training setting and in two generalization settings, and initial generalization effects maintained over time. consistent thumb sucking, approximately ten occurrences per-hour, along with. This side effect of extinction can be mitigated by the inclusion of reinforcement for alternative behavior. Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) occurs when the absence or. Extinction-based interventions can result in temporary increases in frequency and/or intensity of challenging behaviors. Care may need to be taken when implementing DRA/O/I with the extinction component when challenging behavior is moderate or severe. DRA/I/O can be implemented with the extinction component when challenging behavior poses minimal risk to the individual or implementer.
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